Difficult development

What is it?

Developmental delays refer to a slower-than-expected progression in one or more areas of a child’s growth—such as speech, motor skills, social interaction, or cognitive abilities. These delays can be temporary or long-term, and may affect learning, behavior, and independence. Early identification and intervention are key to improving outcomes and supporting healthy development.

Prevalence and statistics

• Up to 15% of children under age 5 show signs of developmental delay.

• Speech and language delays are the most common type.

• Children born prematurely or with low birth weight are at higher risk.

• Early intervention services have been shown to greatly improve skills and school readiness.

• Many developmental delays are not diagnosed until preschool or later.

  
  

How to identify?

Emotional signs –

• Frustration due to inability to express needs

• Mood swings or emotional immaturity for age

• Lack of interest in social play or connection

Physical signs –

• Delayed milestones (e.g., sitting, walking, crawling)

• Poor coordination or muscle tone

• Difficulty with tasks like holding a spoon or scribbling

Behavioural signs –

• Trouble following routines or instructions

• Temper tantrums due to communication challenges

• Excessive dependence on adults beyond age expectations

Cognitive signs –

• Difficulty solving simple problems or learning new skills

• Trouble with memory, attention, or understanding cause-effect

• Lack of pretend play or age-appropriate curiosity

Types of Developmental Delays:

• Global Developmental Delay – Delays in multiple domains (e.g., speech, motor, cognitive)

• Speech and Language Delay – Trouble understanding or expressing language

• Motor Delay – Slow development of gross or fine motor skills

• Social/Emotional Delay – Difficulty interacting or responding socially

• Cognitive Delay – Problems with thinking, reasoning, or learning

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