Autism: Neurodeficit❌ Neurodiverse💯✔

What is it?

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects how a person perceives the world, communicates, and interacts with others. It is called a "spectrum" because it presents differently in each individual, ranging from mild to more significant challenges. People with autism may have unique strengths in focus or memory, while also facing difficulties with social cues, flexibility, or sensory processing. Early support helps improve functioning and quality of life.

Prevalence and statistics

• Around 1 in 100 people worldwide are diagnosed with autism.

• Autism is 4 times more common in males than females.

• Many individuals with autism are diagnosed in early childhood, though some are identified later in life.

• Up to 70% of autistic people also experience other mental health conditions, such as anxiety or ADHD.

• Early intervention leads to significantly better long-term outcomes in communication, learning, and independence.

  
  

How to identify?

Emotional signs –

• Difficulty understanding or expressing emotions

• Anxiety or distress in unfamiliar or socially complex situations

• Preference for routine and predictability

Physical signs –

• Unusual responses to sounds, textures, lights, or smells (sensory sensitivities)

• Repetitive movements (e.g., hand-flapping, rocking)

• Delayed motor coordination or speech in early development

Behavioural signs –

• Repetitive behaviors or fixated interests (e.g., intense focus on a topic or object)

• Resistance to change in routine or environment

• Difficulty with pretend play or usual social interactions

Cognitive signs –

• Literal thinking and challenges with abstract ideas or sarcasm

• Exceptional memory or attention to detail in some areas

• Difficulty understanding other people’s perspectives (theory of mind)

Common Autism-Related Terms & Experiences:

• Neurodiversity – The concept that brain differences like autism are natural variations, not deficits.

• High-Functioning Autism – Older term used for individuals with strong verbal skills and independence; now part of the broader spectrum.

• Sensory Processing Differences – Heightened or reduced sensitivity to sensory input (e.g., loud noises, certain fabrics/ materials).

• Social Communication Challenges – Difficulty understanding tone, body language, or unwritten social rules.

• Stimming – Self-stimulatory behaviors like repeating sounds or movements, often used to self-regulate.

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